This chapter meticulously analyzes the pivotal role and inherent limitations of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in safeguarding children from labor exploitation within Vietnam’s textile and garment supply chains. The discussion commences by identifying the significant economic contributions of the textile and garment industry, concurrently highlighting the pervasive reality of child labor in informal processing facilities, household enterprises, and craft villages. These entities often operate with minimal oversight and largely remain beyond the effective reach of the current legal framework. While Vietnam has commendably domesticated international child labor standards through the Labor Code 2019, the Law on Children 2016, and various ILO conventions, enforcement remains constrained. The author posits that CSR, being predominantly voluntary, is frequently adopted by enterprises as a performative measure to placate international pressure, rather than stemming from an intrinsic commitment. Consequently, tools such as social audits, codes of conduct, and CSR reports often prove lacking in substantive efficacy. This chapter advocates for a transformative shift from voluntary CSR to mandatory legal obligations within the textile and garment sector. Furthermore, it proposes bolstering supply chain transparency, imposing stringent penalties on enterprises found to utilize facilities employing children, establishing child friendly grievance mechanisms, and integrating “child sensitive justice” principles into CSR practices. The author underscores the imperative for a synchronized integration of hard law, market pressure, and independent oversight mechanisms to genuinely protect children’s rights and foster sustainable development within Vietnam’s textile and garment industry.