The labour rights of minors have been protected by Vietnamese law through various mechanisms. However, recent reports on the current situation of juvenile labour indicate that the actual implementation of these mechanisms remains ineffective. Therefore, this study identifies the limitations and root causes of such ineffectiveness and proposes legislative recommendations as well as practical enforcement measures. The objective is to ensure the protection of juvenile labour rights and to contribute to preparing a high quality workforce, serving as a key driver for national economic growth and the development of a civilised society.