This article examines the protection of children’s privacy rights in cyberspace under Vietnamese law, situating the analysis within the broader framework of human rights and data protection. The study begins by outlining the constitutional and statutory foundations of the right to privacy in Vietnam, tracing its historical development and clarifying its substantive content as applied to children. It then explores the specific legal provisions addressing children’s privacy in the digital environment, including the Law on Children 2016, the Law on Cybersecurity 2018, the Law on Data 2024, and the Personal Data Protection Law 2025, as well as relevant decrees and the Code of Conduct on the Protection of Children in Cyberspace. The article critically assesses preventive measures, the roles of children, parents, state agencies, and private sector actors, and the current sanctioning mechanisms—criminal, civil, and administrative—available for addressing infringements. It identifies significant gaps in enforcement, regulatory limitations, and the absence of tailored sanctions for online violations. The findings underscore the need for legislative refinement, enhanced institutional coordination, and increased public awareness to address emerging risks such as biometric data misuse, targeted advertising, and the creation of enduring digital footprints. The article concludes with recommendations to strengthen legal protections and ensure a safe, rights-respecting digital environment for children in Vietnam.