While health financing is a core function of health systems, there are several structural determinants for the implementation of successful health financing strategies. Strong governance establishes institutional structures, policies, accountability principles, and regulations; capacity building ensures the strengthening human resources to implement policies and enforce regulations; monitoring and evaluation provides data and insights to assess policy effectiveness. Thus, governance, capacity building, and monitoring and evaluation provide three closely interrelated elements of health financing. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of these three elements, their respective roles, challenges, and best practices. It attempts to provide insights into how they can be integrated to enhance accountability, sustainability, and efficiency in health financing. With financial resources always being finite, it becomes critical to ensure that financial flows are well aligned with the goals of health systems. Without good governance, health financing systems run the risk of leakages, inefficiencies, and inequitable distribution, leading to suboptimal health systems. Monitoring and evaluation systems provide critical feedback mechanisms by tracking financial flows, progress made by measuring performance and achievements in line with the objectives, and enabling policymakers to make adjustments and midcourse corrections as needed. For effective implementation of governance and monitoring and evaluation frameworks, capacity building provides strong human, institutional, and technological capabilities. Investments in technical expertise, digital innovations, and management skills enhance the efficiency of policymakers and administrators in managing health financing systems in an optimal way. This chapter highlights the intricate relationships and interdependencies between governance, monitoring and evaluation, and capacity building, and their importance for building resilient systems and driving better health system outcomes.