Nanocellulose is of significant interest to the pulp and paper industry due to its sustainability and high-performance properties. Due to its strength, biodegradability, and renewability, it has the potential to fundamentally improve paper quality, enhancing durability, barrier properties, and even simplifying printability. Applications could vary from light packaging materials to high-grade specialty papers. However, despite the obvious benefits, the large-scale industrial application of nanocellulose is hindered by numerous barriers. Production remains expensive and energy-intensive, with scalability remaining an issue. Uniform dispersion of nanocellulose in pulp is also a major issue, often seeming to require specialist additives or modifications to current processing methods. Questions regarding the ability of current papermaking equipment to handle it without significant modification are also an issue. Uncertainty regarding nanomaterial rules may also hinder take-up to market. This chapter examines these barriers in greater depth and proposes solutions, such as the development of advanced production technology and the encouragement of interdisciplinary collaboration. To overcome these barriers is essential to placing nanocellulose in more than a potential but as an important step toward greater sustainability and environmental responsibility in the pulp and paper industry.