Queer Precarity: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Young Hijra in Pakistan

This chapter explores the lived experiences of transgender and gender-diverse young people, commonly known as hijra or khwaja sira in Peshawar, Pakistan. The chapter examines how stigma, sociocultural norms, and the absence of adequate social protections expose young hijra to social marginalization within their families, schools, and communities. We highlight how young hijra experience precarity, social exclusion, and resilience throughout their childhood and adolescence. In particular, we discuss how resilience emerges through collective kinship networks, chosen families, and community solidarity, allowing young hijra to navigate adversity and assert agency in hostile environments. We analyze the intersection of gender, class, and religion in shaping young hijra’s access to education and healthcare. We also review the implementation of recent social policies on gender-diverse young people, including the 2018 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act in Pakistan and the 2010 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child Protection and Welfare Act. We conclude by offering culturally informed recommendations to strengthen inclusive social services and advocacy for young hijra in Pakistan.