Decision-making in child and adolescent protection systems frequently takes place in contexts of high uncertainty, partial information, and strong institutional pressures, making risk assessment a particularly sensitive process from a technical, ethical, and legal point of view. However, the historical development of assessment tools has been shaped by clinical, psychological, and legal-administrative approaches that tend to fragment the understanding of abuse and maltreatment, privilege individualized readings of risk, and hinder the incorporation of relational, contextual, and structural dimensions, as well as the integration between assessment, intervention, and prevention. From a Social Work perspective, assessment is conceived as an interpretive practice embedded in specific contexts, whose legitimacy rests on transparency, traceability, accountability, and the construction of shared professional languages that reduce unjustified variability without oversimplifying case complexity. This chapter develops a theoretical-epistemological argument on the specific contribution of Social Work to risk assessment within child protection systems, focusing on its capacity to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge, generate operational consensus, and align criteria and preventive strategies. It also examines the limits of dominant models and analyzes the epistemological, ethical, and legal safeguards required to support coherent, traceable, and revisable decisions. As an example of good practice, DAP 360° is presented as a contextually grounded experience of codesign and scientific validation of a multidimensional tool in Spain that integrates risk and protective factors and incorporates digital support (DAPware) to strengthen coordination, longitudinal monitoring, and decision quality, while preserving professional responsibility. Its contribution lies not only in its direct transferability as a standardized model but also in the methodological and epistemological principles that may inform context-sensitive adaptations in other child protection settings.