Spent ion exchange resins (SIERs) from nuclear power plants are a kind of low-level and intermediate-level radioactive waste. The safe disposal of SIERs is an essential issue for development of the nuclear power industry, especially in China. This paper employs the Web of Science citation database and CiteSpace visual tools to analyze treatment technologies for radioactive spent ion exchange resins (RSIERs). And a RSIERs research map based on a global perspective was constructed. The overall trend of RSIER treatment technologies research globally is showing an upward trend, with China and South Korea making major contributions. However, regarding this sensitive issue, cooperation between countries is quite rare. Based on keyword analysis, Molten salt oxidation (MSO) and wet oxidation (including Fenton oxidation, and supercritical water oxidation) are regarded as research hotspots. Adopting a full life cycle perspective on resin treatment, the complete degradation into carbon dioxide is the ultimate destination of the resin, which reduces the risk of secondary pollution during storage. Therefore, molten salt oxidation (MSO) and wet oxidation are promising RSIERs treatment methods. An analysis and comparison of the two technologies were conducted from the aspects of basic principles, technical characteristics, and application status. The article concludes by highlighting the challenges faced by current research hotspots and, in light of practical needs, proposes development strategies and research directions for RSIERs treatment technology.