Abscisic acid (ABA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules in crop plants, playing pivotal roles in regulating responses to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and high light. Under stress conditions, ABA induces ROS production through the activation of NADPH oxidases while simultaneously promoting the expression of antioxidant enzymes to maintain ROS homeostasis. This delicate balance is essential for stress perception, signal transduction, and the initiation of appropriate adaptive responses. The interplay between ABA and ROS signaling networks is complex and tightly regulated, with variations in sensitivity and tolerance observed among different crop cultivars. ABA triggers stomatal closure by activating the efflux of K+ and Cl− ions from guard cells, leading to loss of turgor. RBOHD and RBOHF oxidases, regulated by ABA, are involved in the production of ROS accumulation outside guard cells, modulating stomatal response to drought stress. Under salinity stress, plants activate detoxification enzymes and antioxidant compounds as a defense strategy against ROS accumulation. High light stress also induces ROS production, leading to photoinhibition and changes in the relationship between chlorophyll, carotenoids, and ABA. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ABA and ROS accumulation and their downstream effects is crucial for developing stress-tolerant crop varieties and improving agricultural productivity in the face of changing climatic conditions.