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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are redox biochemical molecules of oxygen, which affect and control several cellular and biophysiochemical processes during environmental stresses in plants. Although excessive ROS generation due to stress conditions can damage biomolecules and cellular organelles, leading to oxidative stress in plants. ROS-producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidases are precisely regulated by several posttranslational modifications. ROS are also perceived by specific redox-sensitive sensors that activate downstream signal transduction pathways. ROS play a key role in sensing environmental stresses, integrating various environmental signals, and triggering stress-responsive networks, thus stimulating plant defense mechanism and enhancing plant resilience. These pathways transmit signals to the nucleus via redox-mediated mechanisms and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade. Transcription factors act as intracellular signal integrators and mediators, playing a pivotal role in orchestrating cellular responses to oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanisms underlying ROS-mediated stress alleviation in plants remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present our current knowledge on ROS-associated signaling pathways, gene expression, and regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors within plant cells under various stress conditions.

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Signaling Cascades, Transcription Factors, and Gene Expression in ROS-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Alok Ranjan,
  • Gopal Kalwan,
  • Shruti Kaushik,
  • Diksha Taneja,
  • Priya Yadav,
  • Ashima Nehra,
  • Radha Jangra,
  • Narendra Tuteja,
  • Ritu Gill,
  • Sarvajeet Singh Gill

摘要

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are redox biochemical molecules of oxygen, which affect and control several cellular and biophysiochemical processes during environmental stresses in plants. Although excessive ROS generation due to stress conditions can damage biomolecules and cellular organelles, leading to oxidative stress in plants. ROS-producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidases are precisely regulated by several posttranslational modifications. ROS are also perceived by specific redox-sensitive sensors that activate downstream signal transduction pathways. ROS play a key role in sensing environmental stresses, integrating various environmental signals, and triggering stress-responsive networks, thus stimulating plant defense mechanism and enhancing plant resilience. These pathways transmit signals to the nucleus via redox-mediated mechanisms and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade. Transcription factors act as intracellular signal integrators and mediators, playing a pivotal role in orchestrating cellular responses to oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanisms underlying ROS-mediated stress alleviation in plants remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present our current knowledge on ROS-associated signaling pathways, gene expression, and regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors within plant cells under various stress conditions.