Water is a precious resource that fuels life on this planet and plays a very vital role in maintaining the ecosystem in several ways. Since the dawn of civilisation, excessive water use has triggered the development of innovative water generation methods as well as better water distribution schemes. There are interesting scientific challenges involved in the design and development of these systems; this monograph will bring out the overall development and outlook of sustainable water generation methods. This chapter provides the reader with historical background on water and its importance, global water crisis, and ideas on water generation, and concluding with the objectives of this monograph.