This introductory chapters sets the context for the focus on Southeast Asia by providing a brief demographic history of the region. We then consider the focus on young Muslims in the context of previous research and make the point that social, cultural, and political change is often witnessed first amongst the younger generations and so they are worthy of attention in their own right. We then introduce the chapters of this book through three overarching themes. First, we discuss popular music and culture including the role of hip-hop, rap and metal music and the ways in which these can enable Muslim youth to express their religious identities. Second, we consider issues of digital technology and social media sensitive to the fact that young people have always only known a digital world and the internet democratises religion and changes how it can be accessed. Third, we focus on issues of social and political change and transformation. Recognising issues of economic growth, social inequalities and demographic change, we focus here on religious identityReligious identity construction, social engagement and political participation.