The Brazilian Sociological Society (SBS) has been actively seeking to build a new understanding of Brazil’s Sociology in the world since 2004. This calls for the development of an entirely new tier of internationalisation with colleagues whose native languages are mostly non-European, who live in very distant lands and with whom we have had no traditional contact. To explain the BRICS societies from the point of view of a critical sociology, some intellectual problems are crucial, the first of which is a profound critique of the use of the word ‘critical’ in each sociology and the development of a Critique that is broad enough to promote BRICS dialogue. Some questions are central: What role can sociology play in BRICS in the age of the globalisation of social conflicts? How can multiple interlocutions with the world be developed, through dialogue with diverse sociologies? How can we explain the homologies and differences between new worldwide social issues, in both their national and regional contexts? This chapter provides a new issue on BRICs Sociology.