Family is the constituent cell of the family-state system, as well as the base and carrier of social transformation. Based on field investigations and in-depth interviews, this chapter puts the development of a family in the past 40 years in the analytic scope of the development and changes of the village, local society and country, and presents the interaction between different subjects in the process of poverty alleviation including individuals, families and villages, and the national poverty alleviation practice at different stages of development. On the one hand, the national action of poverty governance provides basic support for families’ poverty alleviation actions through targeted household and whole-village poverty alleviation; on the other hand, the development of a pastoral family from “single point” to “multipoint” structural pattern is an adaptive self-adjustment to micro and macro changes, and the life narratives of the family three generations largely condense the historical process of the development of the country, local society and village.