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With the continuous advancement of sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) technology, traditional bit communication (BitCom) which is centered on Shannon’s information theory faces bottlenecks in spectral efficiency, energy consumption, and adaptation to intelligent services. Meanwhile, semantic communication (SemCom), a new communication paradigm oriented toward tasks and optimized for semantic effectiveness, has demonstrated remarkable robustness and compression efficiency, emerging as a critical complement in 6G systems to support intelligent sensing and decision-making. However, SemCom is still difficult to independently handle high-reliability and high-precision data transmission tasks, especially in scenarios such as critical control and precise recognition. Therefore, the integration of semantic and bit communication, namely the Hybrid Semantic-Bit communication system (HSB) has become a research hotspot, aiming to synergistically leverage the complementarity of the two paradigms within the same communication system to enhance overall task completion efficiency and system performance. This overview focuses on the research progress in HSB communication systems over the past several years, systematically organizing the core theories, system architectures, and key technologies in this field and it also discusses the remaining challenges and future development directions in current research.

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Overview of Hybrid Semantic-Bit Communication Systems: Architecture, Technology and Challenges

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Jiakai Hao,
  • Haoyang Bai,
  • Tianhang Sun,
  • Ming Jin,
  • Zheng Dong,
  • Yang Jiang,
  • Zhixiang Yang

摘要

With the continuous advancement of sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) technology, traditional bit communication (BitCom) which is centered on Shannon’s information theory faces bottlenecks in spectral efficiency, energy consumption, and adaptation to intelligent services. Meanwhile, semantic communication (SemCom), a new communication paradigm oriented toward tasks and optimized for semantic effectiveness, has demonstrated remarkable robustness and compression efficiency, emerging as a critical complement in 6G systems to support intelligent sensing and decision-making. However, SemCom is still difficult to independently handle high-reliability and high-precision data transmission tasks, especially in scenarios such as critical control and precise recognition. Therefore, the integration of semantic and bit communication, namely the Hybrid Semantic-Bit communication system (HSB) has become a research hotspot, aiming to synergistically leverage the complementarity of the two paradigms within the same communication system to enhance overall task completion efficiency and system performance. This overview focuses on the research progress in HSB communication systems over the past several years, systematically organizing the core theories, system architectures, and key technologies in this field and it also discusses the remaining challenges and future development directions in current research.