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This paper presents regulatory roadmaps for the development of sea-based nuclear projects for international commercial activities. Using the international recommendations for safety as the basis for the methodological approach, five components of a regulatory roadmaps have been identified: (a) a nuclear project with well-defined features and characteristics, (b) a responsible entity (the licensee), (c) a national regulatory framework with a regulatory authority and Flag administration, (d) a recognised class society, and (e) legally binding conventions and associated organisations. As there are no such projects already licenced and in operation, the paper discusses some of the key generic design features for future nuclear ships to highlight safety aspects that currently are under considerations. The regulatory roadmaps show that important elements for the regulatory process to be completed in an efficient manner are not yet in place. If international commercial operation of nuclear ships in an international regulatory framework is envisaged, the regulatory roadmap needs to be addressed to prevent the licencing process from becoming a barrier. The threshold for regulatory approval of a floating nuclear power plant is much lower than for a nuclear-powered vessel, but even an international commercial programme for floating nuclear power plants has significant hurdles to overcome when it comes to setting internationally agreed standards for the safety assessments required for realisation. On the other hand, the existing framework may be sufficient if a country with a strong and recognised nuclear regulatory infrastructure wishes to undertake a programme of sea-based nuclear projects and has the resources and system in place to manage the risks associated with such a project through national means and bilateral agreements, e.g. including for freedom of passage and port access, as has been done for historical projects. This paper was written as part of the project “NuProShip I”, which was funded by the Norwegian Research Council for 2023–24.

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A Regulatory Roadmap for Sea-Based Nuclear Projects for International Commercial Activities

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ole Christen Reistad,
  • Eirik Ovrum

摘要

This paper presents regulatory roadmaps for the development of sea-based nuclear projects for international commercial activities. Using the international recommendations for safety as the basis for the methodological approach, five components of a regulatory roadmaps have been identified: (a) a nuclear project with well-defined features and characteristics, (b) a responsible entity (the licensee), (c) a national regulatory framework with a regulatory authority and Flag administration, (d) a recognised class society, and (e) legally binding conventions and associated organisations. As there are no such projects already licenced and in operation, the paper discusses some of the key generic design features for future nuclear ships to highlight safety aspects that currently are under considerations. The regulatory roadmaps show that important elements for the regulatory process to be completed in an efficient manner are not yet in place. If international commercial operation of nuclear ships in an international regulatory framework is envisaged, the regulatory roadmap needs to be addressed to prevent the licencing process from becoming a barrier. The threshold for regulatory approval of a floating nuclear power plant is much lower than for a nuclear-powered vessel, but even an international commercial programme for floating nuclear power plants has significant hurdles to overcome when it comes to setting internationally agreed standards for the safety assessments required for realisation. On the other hand, the existing framework may be sufficient if a country with a strong and recognised nuclear regulatory infrastructure wishes to undertake a programme of sea-based nuclear projects and has the resources and system in place to manage the risks associated with such a project through national means and bilateral agreements, e.g. including for freedom of passage and port access, as has been done for historical projects. This paper was written as part of the project “NuProShip I”, which was funded by the Norwegian Research Council for 2023–24.