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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have been widely employed in various space nuclear power systems, including radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and space nuclear reactor power systems (SNRPS). As the thermoelectric conversion system of SNRPS, minimizing mass and maximizing thermoelectric conversion efficiency are the most concerning design factors. Additionally, the topological structure also influences its main thermoelectric properties. In this paper, a simplified one-dimensional thermoelectric coupling numerical model of TEG is developed and verified. Based on this model and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), a bi-objective optimization method is developed to improve the thermoelectric efficiency and power density. The height of thermoelectric legs and cross-sectional area ratio are optimization parameters. The Pareto frontier of optimization is calculated, and the optimal structural design is determined by the decision-making method. This work could provide valuable references to the design and thermoelectric analysis of TEGs for space nuclear power systems.

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Numerical Simulation and Optimization Design of Thermoelectric Generator for Space Nuclear Power System

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Xing Gao,
  • Yang Zhu,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Bingkang Zhou,
  • Zhi Yang,
  • Xiao Luo

摘要

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have been widely employed in various space nuclear power systems, including radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and space nuclear reactor power systems (SNRPS). As the thermoelectric conversion system of SNRPS, minimizing mass and maximizing thermoelectric conversion efficiency are the most concerning design factors. Additionally, the topological structure also influences its main thermoelectric properties. In this paper, a simplified one-dimensional thermoelectric coupling numerical model of TEG is developed and verified. Based on this model and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), a bi-objective optimization method is developed to improve the thermoelectric efficiency and power density. The height of thermoelectric legs and cross-sectional area ratio are optimization parameters. The Pareto frontier of optimization is calculated, and the optimal structural design is determined by the decision-making method. This work could provide valuable references to the design and thermoelectric analysis of TEGs for space nuclear power systems.