Grasping the key issues of think tank science and engineering is absolutely necessary for better navigating and mastering comprehensive and complex think tank problems. Think tank science and engineering as a new discipline is still developing, and the key issues it covers are also constantly changing to be more diverse and refined. This chapter discusses the current key issues of importance under think tank science and engineering in terms of science, technology, and engineering, including connotations, key content, developments, academic journals and research institutions. In the future, with the development of the discipline, the key issues will not be limited to those mentioned here. New key issues may emerge, while fresh perspectives and innovative problem-solving approaches may come to light regarding existing key issues. These developments are to be explored and integrated into the future practice of think tank research.