The discipline of think tank science and engineering not only lays the theoretical foundation for think tank construction and provides a knowledge system for think tank talent training, but also effectively supports think tanks to serve modernizing national governance system and capacity. Then, how should we construct the disciplinary framework of think tank science and engineering? And what about its development pathway and specific content? These questions are addressed in this chapter. Section 2.1 explains the framework construction of think tank science and engineering from different perspectives, i.e. think tank science, think tank engineering, and think tank science and engineering. It further describes the five layers under the disciplinary framework, i.e., conceptual scope, basic laws, application scenarios, methods and platforms, and communication and dissemination, and draws the knowledge logic diagram of think tank science and engineering based on an analysis of the logical relationship between these layers. Section 2.2 gives a detailed introduction to each layer, including the connotations and specific content, the significance of the disciplinary framework, and the role played in think tank research. Through an interpretation of the five layers, the value and significance of think tank science and engineering for promoting think tank research and development are revealed.