Educational policy development in Ghana has undergone significant transformations, shaped by colonial legacies, post-independence reforms, and contemporary educational needs. This study examines the chronological evolution of Ghana’s educational policies, from the colonial era to present-day reforms, highlighting key policy shifts and their impact on the country's education system. The paper explores major reforms such as the 1948 introduction of tertiary education, the Education Act of 1961, the 1987 Junior Secondary School reform, the 2007 educational restructuring, and the Free Senior High School (FSHS) policy commenced in 2017. It further analyzes the rationale behind these reforms, their successes, and the challenges faced in implementation. Using a historical and policy analysis approach, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how Ghana’s education policies have evolved to address access, quality, and relevance in line with national development goals. The findings underscore the continuous efforts to improve educational equity and outcomes, while also identifying gaps that require further policy interventions.