This chapter provides an overview of Colombia’s geographic, demographic, economic, and cultural context, followed by an in-depth description of its education system. It outlines the structure of primary and secondary education, the decentralized governance model, and the role of national assessments such as Saber 11. It examines inequalities in educational access and completion, emphasizing disparities based on socioeconomic status, geography, and ethnicity. The chapter also analyzes the National Bilingual Program (NBP), its objectives, implementation challenges, and the influence of global benchmarks like the CEFR on English language policy. Despite government efforts, persistent inequalities, low performance on national and international tests, and insufficient integration of contextual needs remain significant obstacles to achieving quality education and English proficiency across the country.