This chapter synthesizes key insights on education policy and practice across the Global South, highlighting ongoing challenges and emerging opportunities. Although access to education has increased, significant disparities persist in quality, equity, teacher capacity, and resource distribution. Historical legacies, political dynamics, and economic pressures continuously influence reform paths, creating tensions between expanding access and improving quality. Yet there is notable progress, including initiatives to foster inclusive education, vocational training, and digital integration. The chapter emphasizes the need for policies that are responsive to local contexts, equitable investment, and stronger governance to improve educational outcomes. Future research directions include digital equity, decentralization, and curriculum reform aligned with labor-market demands.