This chapter introduces the foundational concepts of language learning with a focus on English phonetics. It begins by distinguishing between acquisition and learning, emphasizing the automatic nature of early language development and the effortful nature of adult language learning. The discussion extends to the importance of understanding sound systems and writing symbols in English, highlighting the often-irregular correspondence between spelling and pronunciation. The chapter then explores the articulation of vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and semi-vowels, illustrating how speech sounds are produced and classified. Special attention is given to features such as voicing, aspiration, nasality, and the contrast between English and other language sound systems, particularly Indian languages. Through this, learners are encouraged to develop awareness of sound patterns, improve pronunciation, and integrate both conscious and subconscious strategies for effective language learning.