On-Demand App Gig Work for Youth: A Case in Malaysia
摘要
This chapter is the fourth analytical chapter. It examines the employment realities of young on-demand app-based gig workers in Malaysia. It situates e-hailing and food delivery work within the country’s expanding platform economy and shifting youth employment landscape. The chapter proceeds to review relevant literature on youth labour and platform work in Southeast Asia and outlines key features of the platform labour market and regulatory frameworks in the region. It then presents the methodology, which draws on semi-structured interviews with 85 young gig workers across 11 Malaysian states, and explains the sampling criteria, interview design, and thematic analysis. A short profile of respondents is provided. The findings reveal how young app-based workers navigate precarious conditions by flexibly configuring their work between employment and self-employment amid regulatory ambiguity, blurred labour status, and growing collective awareness. The chapter interprets these dynamics within broader institutional constraints and concludes by emphasising the need for inclusive and adaptive youth employment governance.