Centralized Demand Response Control for a Finnish Apartment Building Considering Indoor Air Conditions
摘要
Achieving climate neutrality increasingly relies on integrating renewable energy sources into existing energy infrastructures. Demand response techniques may enable the incorporation of variable renewable energy within district heating networks. Therefore, this paper analyzed the benefits of a rule-based centralized demand response control applied to a Finnish district heated apartment building. It was simulated by the validated dynamic building simulation software, IDA ICE. The control strategy was developed considering the changing trends of Finnish hourly dynamic district heat prices to adjust inlet water temperature setpoints of water radiators. Indoor air conditions were taken into account to maintain the temperatures at least 20 °C when designing the control strategy. What is more, setpoint smoothing was utilized to minimize rebound effects. The results indicate that the implementation of the centralized demand response control can save the district heat energy costs of the apartment building by 3.8% during the heating season. In addition, thermal comfort was preserved, with the living space’s minimum indoor air temperature maintained at 20 °C. These findings demonstrate that demand response can contribute to economic goals without compromising thermal comfort.