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CO2 air source heat pumps (ASHPs) present significant advantages for residential and commercial heating applications due to their high thermodynamic efficiency and environmental benefits. However, evaporator frosting during winter operation leads to substantial performance degradation cold-humid climates. To address this challenge, this research introduces a novel frost mitigation strategy through integration of a binary hydrated salt composite (BHSC) dehumidification device within a CO2 ASHP. The composite material was synthesized via vacuum impregnation of LiCl/CaCl2 into mesoporous diatomaceous earth (WSS) and experimentally optimized. The 4LiCl/CaCl2 formulation (4,1 M ratio) demonstrated superior moisture sorption performance, achieving a maximum equilibrium moisture uptake of 0.482 g·g−1. A comprehensive model of the CO2 ASHP system integrated with BHSC dehumidification device was developed and experimentally validated. Simulations under varied outdoor temperature (−4 °C ~ 0 °C) and humidity (70% ~ 100%) conditions revealed significant performance improvements: evaporation temperature increased by up to 1.0 °C, evaporator heat exchange capacity enhanced by up to 17.8%, system heating capacity boosted by up to 5.3%, and COP elevated by up to 5.3%. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness of BHSC in enhancing operational stability and thermal performance in low-temperature, high-humidity conditions. The study provides a validated material-based solution to mitigate winter performance degradation in CO2 ASHPs.

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Performance Evaluation of a CO2 Air Source Heat Pump Integrated with Binary Hydrate Salt Composite for Frost Mitigation under Cold and Humid Conditions

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Minglu Qu,
  • Zhenfang Ma,
  • Jing Lv,
  • Hongzhi Liu,
  • Jiajie Chen

摘要

CO2 air source heat pumps (ASHPs) present significant advantages for residential and commercial heating applications due to their high thermodynamic efficiency and environmental benefits. However, evaporator frosting during winter operation leads to substantial performance degradation cold-humid climates. To address this challenge, this research introduces a novel frost mitigation strategy through integration of a binary hydrated salt composite (BHSC) dehumidification device within a CO2 ASHP. The composite material was synthesized via vacuum impregnation of LiCl/CaCl2 into mesoporous diatomaceous earth (WSS) and experimentally optimized. The 4LiCl/CaCl2 formulation (4,1 M ratio) demonstrated superior moisture sorption performance, achieving a maximum equilibrium moisture uptake of 0.482 g·g−1. A comprehensive model of the CO2 ASHP system integrated with BHSC dehumidification device was developed and experimentally validated. Simulations under varied outdoor temperature (−4 °C ~ 0 °C) and humidity (70% ~ 100%) conditions revealed significant performance improvements: evaporation temperature increased by up to 1.0 °C, evaporator heat exchange capacity enhanced by up to 17.8%, system heating capacity boosted by up to 5.3%, and COP elevated by up to 5.3%. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness of BHSC in enhancing operational stability and thermal performance in low-temperature, high-humidity conditions. The study provides a validated material-based solution to mitigate winter performance degradation in CO2 ASHPs.