The aerosol pool scrubbing efficiency has various applications in nuclear reactor systems, including the secondary side of steam generators, suppression pools, and spent fuel pools, discharging gas mixtures containing aerosols into a pool and allowing radioactive substances to remain in the pool, thereby reducing the discharge of radioactive materials into surroundings. The effectiveness of aerosol pool scrubbing depends on the gas–liquid dynamics observed in injection and rising zones. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the effect of submergence depth on effectiveness of aerosol pool scrubbing under bubble flow and jet flow. The efficiency of aerosol removal increases with increasing submergence depth for both flow patterns. Considering the behavior of bubbles in rising zone and key deposition mechanisms of centrifugation, bubble breakup, an analytical method for the aerosol scrubbing removal efficiency is developed combining the existing aerosol removal models under bubble and jet flow patterns. The model predictions are compared with experimental data and existing empirical formulas. According to the calculation results, it is found that the dominant mechanism of rising zone is bubble breakup and centrifugal deposition, and the reason for lower Decontamination Factor (DF) in rising region is due to low predicted value of bubble rising velocity model.