The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper in short terms, i.e. 150–250 words. Cement, as one of the fundamental building materials, often incorporates industrial solid waste or byproducts as alternative raw materials. Some of these materials contains natural radioactivity at higher levels. Inadequate control of the quantity of these materials can potentially result in prolonged exposure to high levels of radioactivity, posing potential threats to health. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of radioactivity in cement, including the influence of raw and auxiliary materials on cement radioactivity, release of radioactive nuclides during production, the assessment of radio-nuclide levels in various cement types, and the uncertainty related to radioactivity measurements. The main goal of this study is to begin monitoring natural radioactivity levels at the source of cement production and offer relevant production recommendations for the cement industry. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for future research to focus on monitoring the natural radioactivity levels of various industrial byproducts used as alternative raw materials, while simultaneously enhancing relevant standards and regulations. This will contribute to ensuring environmental safety in cement production and mitigating potential health risks.