The purpose of this study is to examine the mineralogical properties of abundance available sandstone rock samples from the Ramagundam and Manuguru areas of the Telangana state of the Godavari Basin formations in order to comprehend the geological processes that have shaped their development. In these areas, sandstone is a crucial reservoir rock that is both geologically and economically significant for mineral excavations. The study compares and determines the cementing materials, grain size distribution, and mineral elements in the sandstones from each location using in-depth petrographic examination using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis. A mature sedimentary environment with significant weathering and reworking is indicated by the results, which show that the Ramagundam area sandstones are primarily quartz-rich with trace amounts of feldspar and clay minerals. However, the sandstones from the Godavari Basin have a higher concentration of feldspar and lithic pieces, indicating a less developed, potentially more proximal depositional context with fast sedimentation. As an example of a multi-faceted depositional history affected the Manuguru area sandstones, however, on the other hand, are built by both fluvial and marine processes which have a complicated mineralogical composition and significant concentration of carbonate, chlorite minerals, kaolinite, and chlorite minerals. This is through enhancing awareness about these areas which by extension helps in the acquisition of sedimentary rocks, reservoir potential, mineralogical comparison provides new valuable information on past, and the reservoir potential. Data of future geological and geophysical research and resource management into the future relate to the mining field applications.