Electronic document management system (EDMS) has drawn ample attention from construction practitioners, as it can significantly be useful in the real-time monitoring of any project. However, the adoption of EDMS is fairly difficult due to many organizational and technological limitations, which is reflected notably in the Indian construction industry. Through an extensive literature review, 15 success attributes and seven barrier attributes were identified, and a questionnaire was prepared accordingly. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on a questionnaire survey involving 107 experts. The EFA revealed that the 15 success attributes were grouped into four components: project management, communication/coordination, operating system, and advantages of usage. Similarly, seven barrier attributes were grouped into two components: enterprise transformation challenges, and document management obstacles. Based on these obtained groups, a three-level hierarchical framework was developed and presented. Therefore, this study aids practitioners with a deeper understanding of the attributes that can lead to barriers to the successful implementation of EDMS in their organizations.