The chapter examines the complexities and nuances of political, economic, and cultural Poland–China relations from 1949 to 2024. It highlights critical phases and significant milestones, including robust cooperation in the 1950s, the Sino-Soviet split, rapprochement in the 1980s, reinvigorated interest in the 2000s leading to the signing of a strategic partnership (2011) and a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2016. The chapter also assesses Poland’s engagement with China’s regional initiatives, such as the China-Central and Eastern Europe cooperation format and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The chapter examines public perceptions of China in Poland to provide insights into the evolving narrative surrounding China in Polish society. In conclusion, the chapter explores the opportunities and challenges arising from the rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape and the respective interests of both nations.