The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in aeronautical engineering has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the existing literature on this topic lacks comprehensive coverage. This paper aims to bridge that gap by providing an in-depth analysis and overview of the current state of AI in aeronautical engineering. The paper is organized into four sections. The first section explores the use of AI in autonomous navigation and flight control, focusing on advanced algorithms and sensor technologies that enable highly efficient and autonomous aircraft navigation. The second section delves into AI’s role in computer vision and image recognition, highlighting its applications in remote sensing and quality inspection of aircraft components. The third section examines the integration of AI into unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including advancements in control systems and the application of machine learning to enhance UAV performance. Finally, the paper discusses AI’s impact on data analysis and prediction within the aerospace industry, covering areas such as weather forecasting, resource optimization, and decision-making processes. The study concludes with a comprehensive summary of AI’s current applications in aeronautical engineering.