Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a viral infection affecting the cornea, caused primarily by herpes simplex virus (HSV), most commonly HSV type 1. It is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness worldwide. HSK typically manifests as recurrent, corneal inflammation, which, if untreated, can lead to various ocular complications. Given its potential impact on visual function and quality of life, early diagnosis and treatment are paramount for preventing complications and preserving vision. A comprehensive understanding of HSK’s epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management strategies is imperative in this regard. Moreover, public health efforts aimed at raising awareness, promoting early diagnosis, and implementing preventive measures can help reduce the burden of HSK and its associated complications on both individuals and communities.