The rapid development and deployment of aviation equipment are becoming the norm. With the significant compression of the development cycle, the likelihood of inadequate structural analysis and verification of equipment, as well as multiple potential damage hazards, will greatly increase. To effectively address the issue of damage warning and localization in aircraft composite material structures, this paper employs acoustic emission technology to monitor these structures in real time through characteristic parameters such as amplitude, energy, and impact count. When the characteristic parameters exceed the damage warning threshold, an initial damage warning is issued. Simultaneously, by comparing the number of acoustic emission impacts and the signal arrival times received by each sensor using the acoustic emission area positioning method, the precise location of the damage can be accurately identified. Finally, various static tests on composite materials effectively demonstrate that this method can provide timely damage warnings and quickly locate the damaged area before the final failure of the test specimen.