This study aims to analyse the damage evolution behaviours and residual load-bearing capacity of the composite rotor blade root structure under the static-fatigue-static loading sequence. Firstly, a high-fidelity macro-detail model of the composite rotor blade root structure was established and validated through comparisons with experimental data. Subsequently, the residual fatigue strength model and the Hashin failure criteria were combined to capture the progressive damage behaviours of composite structures. Finally, the damage and strength degradation induced by fatigue were retained to investigate the residual load-bearing capacity of the structure after fatigue. The results show that under the multistage loading condition, damage initially occurs at the front and back of the root spars. The damage then propagates from the spars to the exterior laminates, ultimately leading to the load-bearing capacity loss of the whole structure. Although fatigue loading causes a minor strength degradation in the material, it has no significant effect on the strength of the whole structure.