Aviation emergency rescue (AER) is an effective means of responding to major disasters, but the existing rescue methods have problems such as insufficient medical capabilities and lack of multifunctionality, making it crucial to strengthen the requirement capture of AER system and the top-down design of aviation equipment. This paper started from multiple viewpoints of the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF), adopted the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach, and took the earthquake rescue in high-altitude forests as a typical use case to propose the capabilities that an rescue system should possess. Meanwhile, focusing on helicopters, the white-box activity diagrams were generated by analyzing the system functional modules that helicopters were responsible for in the rescue system, and the design optimization of equipment could be achieved. This process helped to comprehensively capture the requirements of the AER system and establish a connection between system requirements and equipment performance, which could promote the top-down design and efficient development of aviation equipment.