In order to study the influence law of the backstroke damping on the buffering performance of the landing gear, a certain type of aircraft strut-type oleo-pneumatic landing gear was taken as the research object, and the reduced mass method was used to simulate different test working condition environments on the drop test rig. By changing the lifting height of the falling body (260 mm, 280 mm, 300 mm), the aperture of the positive stroke damping orifice of the shock absorber (5 mm, 7 mm), and the presence or absence of backstroke damping, the variation law of the drop shock buffering performance of the landing gear affected by the backstroke damping was analyzed. The results show that the backstroke damping has a great influence on the drop shock buffering performance of this type of landing gear, and has an obvious impact on the stroke of the shock absorber strut and the maximum vertical load. The change in the buffering performance of the landing gear caused by the backstroke damping cannot be ignored, and relevant verification should be carried out in combination with tests during the actual engineering design and optimization process.