Nutrition plays a pivotal role in ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health before, during, and after pregnancy. Proper nutritional intake before conception aids fertility and prepares the body for pregnancy. During pregnancy, macronutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are essential for fetal growth, brain development, and energy regulation, while micronutrients such as iron, folic acid, calcium, iodine, and vitamins are crucial for preventing complications like anemia, neural tube defects, and pre-eclampsia. Postpartum nutrition is critical for recovery, breastfeeding, and sustaining maternal energy levels. This chapter delves into the nutritional needs across these stages, emphasizing dietary sources and caloric requirements, alongside foods to avoid to prevent fetal deformities and maternal health issues. Additionally, it highlights the importance of iodine, choline, and omega-3 fatty acids in supporting brain and thyroid development during breastfeeding. By adopting balanced dietary practices, mothers can ensure better health outcomes for both themselves and their offspring.