This chapter examines economic and political relations between the two countries from 1947 to the present. It discusses Indian criticism of Belgian involvement and frictions over Belgian colonialism, especially in the Congo, where India comprised one-fourth of the UN peacekeeping force. The chapter goes on to examine Indo-Belgian relations during the post-Cold War era and deals in detail on the development during the Modi years (2014–2025). The chapter examines economic and trade relations, including trade in goods and services as well as foreign direct investment. It also discusses defence cooperation and Belgian arms exports to India. In conclusion, the chapter deals with mutual perceptions, cultural relations, and makes some concluding observations.