In the face of depleting fossil fuel reserves and perilous environmental detriment caused by these fuels, mankind is to meet the increasing energy demands, and eliminating the fossil fuel dependency can be achieved by the development and utilization of next-generation batteries. Many different materials, including metals, oxides, and chalcogenides have been investigated as effective electrodes in recent decades. Li has the highest capacity of the metals, around 3860 mA.h.g−1. However, it suffers from dendritic development during cycling, which is the most significant impediment to practical use. Liquid metal batteries are an excellent approach to resolving this issue. These batteries are composed of liquid-liquid electrode and electrolyte interface which eliminate the dendrite formation and provide superior performance at the higher current densities. Several challenges related to this field must be addressed to improve future practical approaches. This chapter covers a detailed insight from the fundamentals to the most recent developments in this sector. The basic understanding of electrochemistry of liquid metal batteries as derived from diverse research initiatives has been thoroughly reviewed. This chapter not only includes the basics of liquid metal batteries but also delivers the research work done for the development of the next generation of liquid metal batteries.