Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly ascended as one of the most promising contenders in next-generation photovoltaics, achieving certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) surpassing 25% in less than a decade. Their exceptional optoelectronic properties, tunability of the bandgap, long carrier diffusion lengths, and solution-processable fabrication enable cost-effective, scalable, and flexible device architectures. This chapter critically examines recent advances in perovskite material design, interface engineering, and device configuration, with emphasis on compositional optimization, defect passivation, and high-efficiency tandem architecture. Persistent challenges, including environmental instability, lead toxicity, and the translation of laboratory-scale performance to large-area modules, are rigorously analyzed. Emerging strategies such as encapsulation technologies, lead-free alternatives, and industrially viable deposition methods are discussed as pivotal steps toward commercialization. By integrating progress with a forward-looking perspective, this chapter underscores the transformative potential of PSCs in redefining sustainable solar energy conversion.