Supercapacitors are an extremely hot topic that has received remarkable attention in recent years. In fact, the new demands of modern society require even more “instantaneous” power and supercapacitors can supply rapidly great amounts of energy and present characteristics that make them extremely important for many applications. In this chapter, the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors or templates for the preparation of MOF-derived materials is addressed. The great potential of supercapacitors are attributed to their high specific surface areas, controllable structures, and adjustable pore sizes, overcoming the relative low conductivity and keeping the essential structural and compositional properties from their MOF precursors. More specifically, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the recent advances and strategies on MOFs-derived materials and nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications as well as their synthesis protocols. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities, trends and prospects for future research in the field will also be presented.