Magnesium alloys exhibit excellent properties, including lightweight characteristics, machinability, corrosion resistance, damping capacity, dimensional stability, and impact resistance, making them widely used in aerospace, transportation, electronics, and biomedical industries. However, high-quality and efficient cleaning and pretreatment during manufacturing, maintenance, and remanufacturing remain challenging [1]. Traditional cleaning methods, including mechanical friction, chemical corrosion, high-pressure water jetting, and sandblasting, are associated with drawbacks such as environmental pollution, high time and material consumption, and substrate damage [2, 3]. These limitations hinder continuous surface cleaning and pretreatment operations, resulting in low work efficiency [4]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore greener, more efficient, and magnesium alloy-compatible methods for surface cleaning and pretreatment. The emergence of laser cleaning technology offers a novel approach to addressing the challenges of magnesium alloy surface cleaning and pretreatment.