Development of Paper Products Using Water Hyacinth and Canna Plants Removed from Beira Lake, Colombo, Sri Lanka: An Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Approach
摘要
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a highly invasive aquatic plant that has rapidly spread in Beira Lake, Colombo, and other Sri Lankan water bodies. Additionally, Canna plants (Canna indica), used in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for phytoremediation in the Beira Lake, are discarded as waste after three months of use. This study explores the production of recycled paper using water hyacinth and Canna plants as raw materials to mitigate the environmental impact of these plant wastes. The collected plants were cleaned, cut into 0.5–1.0 cm pieces, boiled at 80–100 ℃ for 10–15 min, and squeezed. A mixture of 50 g of processed plant material, 1/4 piece of soaked A4 paper, and 300 mL of water was blended for 30–40 s. The resulting pulp was poured into a wooden frame, drained, and pressed between fabric and a glass plate for 3 h before being air-dried for 3–4 days. A starch solution (20–50 g of starch in 1 L of water, heated to 70–80 ℃) was applied to the dried paper, which was then cut to A4 size. Physical tests showed three types of paper with distinct properties: Paper 1 (0.30 mm thick, flexible, lightweight, and low absorbency of 216.33 g/m2) is suitable for printing notebooks, newspapers, and brochures; Paper 2 (0.68 kg/cm2 strength and 246.33 g/m2 absorbency) balances flexibility and durability, making it ideal for medium-weight packaging and souvenirs; Paper 3 (1.12 mm thick, 0.81 kg/cm2 strength, and 349 g/m2 absorbency) is suitable for heavy-duty packaging and absorbent applications. Therefore, this research presents a sustainable approach to paper production, promoting a circular economy by repurposing invasive plants and phytoremediation waste into valuable products.