This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of urban growth and development in South Asia, with a particular focus on Bangladesh. Utilizing theoretical frameworks such as Ernest Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model, it examines the spatial dynamics of urban expansion. The study critically explores the dual nature of urbanization in the Global South, highlighting both its potential to drive economic growth and the challenges it poses, including infrastructure deficits, environmental degradation, and social inequalities. In Bangladesh, rapid urbanization has led to significant transformations, yet issues like unplanned urban sprawl and inadequate governance persist. The chapter underscores the necessity of balancing development and underdevelopment, advocating for sustainable urban planning and inclusive policies to address the complexities of urbanization in the region. However, this rapid urbanization has brought about various negative consequences, such as environmental pollution and ecological disruption. Despite the notable progress in urbanization and urban growth, characterized by an increasing share of the urban population and the expansion of urban areas since the country’s independence, the entire development process could be jeopardized if the adverse effects of urbanization are not effectively managed through proper urban planning and its successful implementation.