This chapter aims to establish the theoretical foundation of rural life space, providing a logical framework for the development of the following chapters. The ongoing restructuring and transformation of rural areas—driven by broader urbanization processes in China—form the macro-level context within which rural life space are evolving. This context is both a point of departure and a practical lens through which to examine these changes. It also underpins the development of a theoretical approach to understanding the shifting dynamics of rural life. A clear definition of the geographical scope of rural life space is another critical step in framing this inquiry. Finally, the chapter investigates the mechanisms through which rural restructuring and transformation shape and redefine rural life space, offering insight into the forces driving these spatial and social changes.