The components, efficacy, and limitations of nutritional supplements with nitrates as their main component were discussed in the previous section. Nitrates are hydrophilic salts derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources and are directly absorbed through the intestinal mucosa without first-pass metabolism in the liver [1]; thus, their potential for clinical applications is promising. Nitrates exist in two forms: inorganic and organic. Clinical drugs based on nitrate metabolites (including the vasodilator NO), such as nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina pectoris, have rapid effects and low biocompatibility and are associated with side effects such as headache, bradycardia, flushing, nausea, and vomiting, which limit their use. Therefore, novel nitrates may have wider clinical application prospects [2–5]. A key point is thus how to develop nitrates into a new drug.