Public health faces unique ethical challenges. The concept of precision in public health has arisen in the age of big data. The sharing and utilization of public big data can yield substantial scientific and societal benefits. However, deficiencies still exist in ethical norms, management guidelines, and practical experiences. This chapter presents trends and advancements in public health practices and ethical norms, grounded in the mission of public health. It explores the significant challenges and conflicts of interest inherent in the sharing of public health data and suggests targeted strategies and potential practical solutions. The emphasis is on establishing traceable Pathogen Relational Databases, informed consent strategies, and ontology framework on informed consent for major infectious diseases throughout the entire lifecycle of pathogen data. Furthermore, it outlines key points and feasible procedures, and data ethics reviews during major infectious disease outbreaks.