Nutraceuticals have been identified as beneficial in preserving brain function, improving cognition, and limiting the effects of aging and neurodegenerative disease. This chapter examines the complex relationship between nutraceuticals and brain function via their biochemical mechanisms, clinical action, and therapeutic uses. It describes brain aging and reduced cognitive function and identifies the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative processes in cognitive impairment. Preeminent bioactive ingredients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and plant extracts, are researched for their neuroprotective and cognition-enhancing effects. The chapter presents clinical evidence of nutraceutical therapy, describing its value in improving memory and concentration, stabilizing moods, and supporting adaptation to stress. The chapter further elaborates on the synergistic effects of nutraceuticals with pharmacotherapy and lifestyle changes, emphasizing the need for an integrated strategy for brain health. Future research directions in nutraceutical science are highlighted, such as personalized medicine, advanced delivery systems, and the development of synergistic blends. While nutraceuticals hold vast potential for cognitive enhancement, problems of bioavailability, regulatory oversight, and the need for further large-scale clinical trials are important areas that must be pursued. In conclusion, nutraceuticals provide a safe and new approach to improving brain health and addressing aging. They are natural, evidence-based therapies for maintaining cognitive function and neuroprotection. Research and formulation technology advances will further enhance their position in prevention and therapeutic effects on brain health.