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Tulsi, or Ocimum, is a large genus of aromatic medicinal herbs with a long history of traditional use that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has approximately 64 species. The Asian continent is where tulsi originated. In addition to their many medical uses, the fragrant plants of the genus Ocimum have long been employed as flavorings. In addition to being used as a culinary herb, Ocimum tenuiflorum has several pharmacological properties that can be used to prevent or treat cancer, diabetes, menstrual cramps, digestive issues, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, reports of its larvicidal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties have been made. Assam, Bihar, Jammu, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are the states with the highest amounts of tulsi farming. In Karnataka, 603 hectares are used to grow tulsi, which produces 2343 metric tons per hectare. In India, two types of Ocimum sanctum are cultivated: Sri tulsi, sometimes called Rama tulsi, which has green leaves, and Krishna tulsi, which has purple foliage. Most traditional Hindu families cultivate Sri tulsi, the most popular kind. Krishna tulsi is preferred in the industry because of its higher level of medicinal efficacy. The aforementioned activities are mostly caused by chemical elements like methyl eugenol, 1, 8-cineone, eugenol, and anthocyanins. CIM-Ayu, CIM-Kanchan, and CIM-Angana are high-yielding, eugenol-rich varieties of O. sanctum that were developed by CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, using the traditional breeding method. The genetic diversity is confirmed by molecular characterization employing AP-PCR, RAPD, and RFLP markers of several Ocimum genotypes. The total genome size of Krishna tulsi, as determined by whole-genome sequencing, is 374 Mb, with a 61% genome coverage (612 Mb projected genome size). Even with its remarkable collection of bioactive substances and significant significance in traditional Indian medicine, the crop still requires further research and conservation in it to be used in the future.

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Tulsi (Holy Basil) (Ocimum tenuiflorum): The Sacred Herb of Wellness

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Channayya Hiremath,
  • B. S. Chandana

摘要

Tulsi, or Ocimum, is a large genus of aromatic medicinal herbs with a long history of traditional use that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has approximately 64 species. The Asian continent is where tulsi originated. In addition to their many medical uses, the fragrant plants of the genus Ocimum have long been employed as flavorings. In addition to being used as a culinary herb, Ocimum tenuiflorum has several pharmacological properties that can be used to prevent or treat cancer, diabetes, menstrual cramps, digestive issues, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, reports of its larvicidal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties have been made. Assam, Bihar, Jammu, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are the states with the highest amounts of tulsi farming. In Karnataka, 603 hectares are used to grow tulsi, which produces 2343 metric tons per hectare. In India, two types of Ocimum sanctum are cultivated: Sri tulsi, sometimes called Rama tulsi, which has green leaves, and Krishna tulsi, which has purple foliage. Most traditional Hindu families cultivate Sri tulsi, the most popular kind. Krishna tulsi is preferred in the industry because of its higher level of medicinal efficacy. The aforementioned activities are mostly caused by chemical elements like methyl eugenol, 1, 8-cineone, eugenol, and anthocyanins. CIM-Ayu, CIM-Kanchan, and CIM-Angana are high-yielding, eugenol-rich varieties of O. sanctum that were developed by CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow, using the traditional breeding method. The genetic diversity is confirmed by molecular characterization employing AP-PCR, RAPD, and RFLP markers of several Ocimum genotypes. The total genome size of Krishna tulsi, as determined by whole-genome sequencing, is 374 Mb, with a 61% genome coverage (612 Mb projected genome size). Even with its remarkable collection of bioactive substances and significant significance in traditional Indian medicine, the crop still requires further research and conservation in it to be used in the future.